docker run 的常用参数用法
Docker run 作为运行容器的直接入口，命令参数相当丰富，使用它可以启动容器，使容器拥有自己的文件系统、网络以及关系进程树。
Docker run 命令基本结构：
$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG|@DIGEST] [COMMAND] [ARG...]
为了更好理解，我们将参数分为以下几类：
- 容器管理：
- 后台程序和前台交互程序
- 器的定义
- 网络设置
- CPU和内存的runtime
- 权限和LXC配置
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
--blkio-weight=0 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
--cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent= Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cidfile= Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period=0 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota=0 Limit the CPU CFS quota
--cpuset-cpus= CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems= MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach=false Run container in background and print container ID
--device=[] Add a host device to the container
--dns=[] Set custom DNS servers
--dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables
--entrypoint= Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
--env-file=[] Read in a file of environment variables
--expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports
-h, --hostname= Container host name
--help=false Print usage
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--init= Run container following specified init system container method (systemd)
--ipc= IPC namespace to use
-l, --label=[] Set meta data on a container
--label-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link=[] Add link to another container
--log-driver= Logging driver for container
--log-opt=[] Log driver options
--lxc-conf=[] Add custom lxc options
-m, --memory= Memory limit
--mac-address= Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
--memory-swap= Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap
--name= Assign a name to the container
--net=bridge Set the Network mode for the container
--oom-kill-disable=false Disable OOM Killer
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to random ports
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port(s) to the host
--pid= PID namespace to use
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container
--read-only=false Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart=no Restart policy to apply when a container exits
--rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits
--security-opt=[] Security Options
--sig-proxy=true Proxy received signals to the process
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user= Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--ulimit=[] Ulimit options
--uts= UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume
--volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir= Working directory inside the container