create
- 用法
Usage: docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Create a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
--blkio-weight=0 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
--cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent= Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cidfile= Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period=0 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota=0 Limit the CPU CFS quota
--cpuset-cpus= CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems= MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--device=[] Add a host device to the container
--dns=[] Set custom DNS servers
--dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables
--entrypoint= Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
--env-file=[] Read in a file of environment variables
--expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports
-h, --hostname= Container host name
--help=false Print usage
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--init= Run container following specified init system container method (systemd)
--ipc= IPC namespace to use
-l, --label=[] Set meta data on a container
--label-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link=[] Add link to another container
--log-driver= Logging driver for container
--log-opt=[] Log driver options
--lxc-conf=[] Add custom lxc options
-m, --memory= Memory limit
--mac-address= Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
--memory-swap= Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap
--name= Assign a name to the container
--net=bridge Set the Network mode for the container
--oom-kill-disable=false Disable OOM Killer
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to random ports
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port(s) to the host
--pid= PID namespace to use
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container
--read-only=false Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart=no Restart policy to apply when a container exits
--security-opt=[] Security Options
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user= Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--ulimit=[] Ulimit options
--uts= UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume
--volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir= Working directory inside the container
- 例子
$ sudo docker create ubuntu /bin/echo 'Hello world'
a637c1d67506951928be296f2db02fa3e2b6e974ef371b181d9c26d1c8995963
$...
若有如上输出则代表容器创建成功
$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a637c1d67506 ubuntu:latest "/bin/echo 'Hello wo 4 minutes ago mad_hopper
...
然后在启动它
$ sudo docker start a637c1d67506
a637c1d67506
$...
启动成功后会反回容器ID。
$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a637c1d67506 ubuntu:latest "/bin/echo 'Hello wo 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago mad_hopper
- 总结
当我们去查看容器状态时，容器没有在运行，这时因为我们在创建容器的时候，让容器执行的命令是/bin/echo 'Hello world'，当容器执行完命令的时候就终止结束了。
run
- 用法
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
--blkio-weight=0 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
--cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent= Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cidfile= Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period=0 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota=0 Limit the CPU CFS quota
--cpuset-cpus= CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems= MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach=false Run container in background and print container ID
--device=[] Add a host device to the container
--dns=[] Set custom DNS servers
--dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables
--entrypoint= Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
--env-file=[] Read in a file of environment variables
--expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports
-h, --hostname= Container host name
--help=false Print usage
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--init= Run container following specified init system container method (systemd)
--ipc= IPC namespace to use
-l, --label=[] Set meta data on a container
--label-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link=[] Add link to another container
--log-driver= Logging driver for container
--log-opt=[] Log driver options
--lxc-conf=[] Add custom lxc options
-m, --memory= Memory limit
--mac-address= Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
--memory-swap= Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap
--name= Assign a name to the container
--net=bridge Set the Network mode for the container
--oom-kill-disable=false Disable OOM Killer
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to random ports
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port(s) to the host
--pid= PID namespace to use
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container
--read-only=false Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart=no Restart policy to apply when a container exits
--rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits
--security-opt=[] Security Options
--sig-proxy=true Proxy received signals to the process
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user= Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--ulimit=[] Ulimit options
--uts= UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume
--volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir= Working directory inside the container
- 例子
用法与create类似，只是在创建容器后不需要进行start操作就可以运行。
$ sudo docker run ubuntu /bin/echo 'Hello world'
Hello world
$...
与上面一样，在运行完Hello world 之后也会退出容器。
Daemonized（守护态）
往往我们需要容器在后台一致执行，这时我们就需要在创建镜像的时候让容器以守护台方式(-d 参数)运行。
$ sudo docker run -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
61f37c1940c8ec9f08b107e99655b8a5181ded340415e3c15cf413069d556b73
$...
这时，我们查看一下容器状态：
$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
61f37c1940c8 ubuntu:latest "/bin/sh -c 'while t 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds prickly_galileo
...
查看容器输出的信息
$ sudo docker logs 61f37c1940c8
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
...
总结
让容器以后台方式运行，并不是加一个 -d 参数就可以，命令行COMMAND所执行的动作必须为持续运行的状态。